Eustress Is Your Friend

Eustress is your Friend Not all stress is bad. There are positive effects of stress and it has its own unique characteristics. When it comes to feelings such as anxiety, worry, fear, pain or anger then these are linked to negative stress and this is what many people associate stress with. However, the positive effects of stress are something that can help motivate individuals to accomplish something good. Positive stress helps an individual to make any necessary changes in their lives. So therefore, in my own personal opinion, stress is not such a bad thing. According to thefreedictionary. om, eustress by definition is a positive form of stress. Eustress is a balance between selfishness and altruism through which an individual develops the drive and energy to care for others. This refers to the constructive stress that helps keep you motivated and driven in all aspects of your life. For example, positive stress gives us a feeling of excitement when presented with a demanding situatio n in an area in which we are comfortable like runners on the track, taking a ride on the roller coaster, taking up a challenging project at workplace. Positive stress may fill you with energy to tackle the demands of your task. Positive stress helps to keep us healthy and fills us with contentment. Eustress also reminds us that we can view many of the stressors in our lives as ‘challenges' rather than ‘threats', and have extra vital energy to handle these stressors, without a feeling of being overwhelmed or unhappy. There are many positive effects of stress including the ability to realize when things are wrong and need to be fixed. Positive stress also helps our body tell us when we need to do things such as put a sweater on when it is too cold, scratch an itch, move to a new location when necessary and other needs of everyday life. Positive stress is also an excellent way of initiating the invention and problem solving process by providing more creative solutions. As a result positive stress has been linked to many scientific discoveries, technological advances and creative designs. Positive stress can also help us to know when we need medical care by altering us to when we are experiencing discomfort or other medical concerns. There are many examples of positive stressors. College students face a major stressor at the end of semesters. For instance, Megan is a freshman in a local community college. She is the first in her family to attend school at this level. Her schedule is overwhelming but it is to be expected in order to obtain an associate’s degree. The semester is quickly closing in and Megan is having difficulties with her math class. She is already maintaining a C average and in order to pass, she must make an A on her final. Megan knows that she is feeling stress about this final but realizes that she needs to buckle down and concentrate. Approaching exams enhance a student's concentration and learning capability. Therefore, this stress she is feeling is considered a ‘eustress. If Megan is able to obtain an A on this final, she will pass the class. But in passing the class, Megan will also be able to advance into the next math needed to obtain her degree. In the end, the stressors that Megan is dealing with will have positive effects on her life and future. Stay-at-home moms may seem to have an easy job, but in reality, it's a wonderful job that includes q uite a bit of stress. Many people may think that the life of a stay-at-home mom is all Everyone has their own personal opinion in regards to this statement, ‘Stress is always bad. I feel that stress always begins as positive stress. You just have to be willing to give your best and try to step up to the challenge. Almost all of the life’s important moments are experienced under positive stress. Your positive stress can turn to negative, but you must be willing to accept responsibility for the role you play in creating or maintaining that stress. So in my own personal opinion, I would have to disagree. Stress is only considered bad if you handle and cope with it badly. In the end, stress isn’t always bad.

Disneyland Paris Marketing Strategy Essay

In this essay, the point of interest will be the market research disaster of Walt Disney Company after they opened a Disney park in Europe. The Walt Disney Company had experienced a big failure in the theme park business. Having successfully opened parks in the US and Asia, the idea to open one in Europe came natural. The city of Paris was chosen to host the new theme park. That was the first of many decisions that led to a very unsuccessful opening of EuroDisney. Many factors contributed to EuroDisney’s ‘unhealthy’ performance during its first few year of activity and many of these factors could have been avoided if the proper research would have been done. The first problem with EuroDisney was that Paris was the town chosen to be this park’s home. Paris was the perfect city to build the famous park in firstly because of the demography but the wrong one when it comes to its customs and culture. There were many marketing and operational errors that echoed into the park’s unsuccessful opening. For example, EuroDisney’s advertising had emphasized Disney’s image as an alluring bit of Americana culture rather than thinking of the French customers. EuroDisney’s image-marketing did not explain to Europeans what the theme park was or what attractions it had to offer the European consumer. Advertising was so focused on the size of the park and the glamour behind it, that this poor marketing strategy hurt overall business. 1 The Walt Disney Company had taken a golden step towards Japan and driven by their first success on Asian territory considered it logical to be the same in Europe. The first years in Europe have proved the contrary. A combination of factors contributed to a disastrous start in Paris. The biggest factor contributing to the poor performance was the failing cultural adaptation. Disney was build and promoted in Europe as a piece of wonderful America. Everything about the park was American and cultural differences between America and Europe were completely neglected. This resulted not only in negative experiences by customers itself, but also in a heavy load of criticism from the intellectual segment of France, which traditionally didn’t have good relations with ‘Americanism’. 2 Besides the cultural problems, a lot of secondary factors contributed to the big failure. We must think of customers’ pockets. The price to enter the park and especially staying at the hotels, was too high in the European mindset and customers weren’t willing to spend this amount of money. As we have already explained, the French culture was not the perfect one to absorb the specific American product, as one other reason is that the English language is still unpopular in France and the American style isn’t much appreciated; in this case the cultural adaptation went wrong in almost every aspect. The EuroDisney management team seems to have been poorly informed or have done superficial research on the European culture and market. 1 â€Å"The Cultural Barbarism of EuroDisney.† 123HelpMe.com. 06 Jan 2013 http://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=167709 2 Ibidem When Disney opened EuroDisney in Paris, the park was a symbol of American culture. The cultural adaptation that was necessary to make the park a success didn’t cross the mind of the Disney team. The problems Disney encountered when entering Europe with Disneyland were not only because of the behavior of the French, it was the neglecting of (European) culture in general that made EuroDisney a disaster. So, concluding all the arguments: the main methodological mistake made was the choosing of the place of their park. The first and most striking mistake was not France or any specific country, but the problem was adapting to culture in general. EuroDisney’s entry strategy should have been used keeping in mind the customer and the end user of the product, in this case the ordinary Frenchman. The entry strategy should have taken into consideration all cultural aspects of their venture The strategy should be conceived after a thorough research conducted to help Disney enter the European market. The answer to how the Walt Disney Company should market the destination to potential customers & other stakeholders is partially answered with the quote below: As a whole, a move by any company to any foreign market should not be made without an extensive, in-depth study based on exhaustive research into every applicable aspect of the economy, laws, culture, climate, interests, customs, life-style habits, geography, and work habits. This integration of differing management practices is typical with any company doing business abroad. However, a great deal of time, patience, understanding, education, and willingness to accept and/or compromise are needed from all parties involved in order to make this integration successful. 3 A new EuroDisney park would not fit in the European picture for the same reasons we discussed above: the cultural environment, language, vacation and entertainment rituals, etc. In any case, the American style and culture shown in ‘Disney’ should be narrowed down as much as possible to adapt to any of the European countries in order for it to be a success. 3 Eurodisney Research Design.† 123HelpMe.com. 06 Jan 2013 http://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=164935

Discuss the role of the professional nurse in relation to a public Essay

Discuss the role of the professional nurse in relation to a public health issue - Essay Example Analysis of the distinct needs and problems of mentally unfit people, as a result of alcohol abuse will be initially discussed. The role of professional nurses in order to deal with the problem will also be discussed in detail. Consumption or abuse of alcohol may be a reason or a result of mental depression and ill health. Alcoholic abuse severally affects the personal as well as professional lives of the patients. These problems may take the form of family conflict, job loss and financial problems (Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse, 2002). These issues eventually lead to serious mental problems like increased levels of anxiety and depression. But the abuser initially experiences placebo effect on consumption of alcohol, a state of feeling illusionary pleasures. Later the exploitation of alcohol starts to exert a depressing effect on the central nervous system, resulting in behavioral and mood changes (Vadlamudi, Adams, Hogan, Wu, Wahid, 2008). This results in increasing alcohol consumption to an extent that the mental health recovery becomes even more difficult. The role of nursing in influencing the mental health of great many people is highly important. The unique skills practiced by nurses in dealing with variety of patients puts a lot of pressure on their duties. Mental health nursing can be considered as one of the most multifarious and challenging fields of nursing. A mental health nurse may have to work in a group which possibly consist of general practitioners, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists and assistants or individually in dealing with public health issues. These mental health patients who feel themselves extremely excluded and rejected need not only medical but also emotional help. Hence it becomes very important to endeavor as much as possible to bring

Microcredit Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Microcredit - Term Paper Example The description of the ways in which access to credit eradicates poverty is also discussed in this paper basing the argument on empirical studies. Usman, Malik and Shafiq (2011) explain that regular banks are generally meant for people with money and thus microfinance becomes very necessary for the millions of poor people across the world. Microcredit institutions offer the small financial loans in form of microcredit to the poor with a premise that these people have financial skills and talents which can be utilized through financing for their own benefit and the society in general. According to Vasanthakumari (2008, p. 137), microcredit is necessary for the poor because it offers them the chance to utilize their capabilities and hence progress both economically and socially. Because dependency on charity only sustains poverty, microfinance becomes necessary to enable the poor to utilize their creativity and potential which is possible if people’s energy is concentrated on bu siness ventures and self development as described by Sin-Yu and Odhiambo (2011, p. 103). Microcredit is described by Madichie and Nkamnebe (2010, p. 301) as a form of finance that provides small loans to poor people which allows them to have an ability of self employment. According to Ghosh and Wright (2005, p. 298), microcredit targets poor people who need it to begin businesses and as a result it charges low interest rates as compared to the regular banking services. The Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank are credited for the introduction of microcredit as an economic innovation which targets poor people with an aim of empowering them and thus lead to a general development of the social systems. As a result of this innovation, Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank received a Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 because microfinance led to the empowerment of poor entrepreneurs, farmers and the unemployed. Durrani, Usman, Malik and Ahmad (2011, p. 138) illustrate that microcredit targets people in the unstable income bracket due to unemployment. Because poor people fail to meet the minimum financial qualification of regular banks before they acquire credit services, microfinance plays a significant in the economic progress of the poor. Poorer People Need Microcredit Lack of credit is attributed to the inability of the poor to progress economically and become wealthy as said by Haque and Harbin (2009, p. 4). Microcredit is therefore the best financial solution to the increased poverty especially in developing nations. The credit market within regular banks is full of imperfections and therefore microcredit acts to combat the problems related to the acquisition of credit from banks such as high collateral requirement. Sharma (2005, p. 288) explains that the difficulty of acquiring a loan from formal credit markets makes poor people to resolve into borrowing money from informal credit markets where they are vulnerable to exploitation. In the informal credit market, moneylenders give loans to the poor who have limited options and exploit them through charging exaggerated interest rates. In the developing economies, money lenders provide alternative credit services to the poor because the regular banks require very high financial qualifications for loans which the poor cannot attain. The role of microfinance in the eradication of poverty is therefore evident through the

Controversial Planning Decisions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Controversial Planning Decisions - Case Study Example This shift has created tremendous ramifications for the governance of environmental matters. In this new philosophy, governance of environmental matters is reconceptualised in terms of ‘networks’ and ‘associations’ with which the government has to parley, so as to be effective and gain the favour and support of the citizens and the related stakeholders. As a result, planning decisions made by the government without consulting the relevant stakeholders and policymakers are considered controversial regardless of their intended objectives (Newig and Fritsch, 2009). This system of governance is usually very problematic because even though the government is required by law to make the public and the relevant stakeholders and policymakers aware of its objectives to review their development plans and consult using conferences and documented avenue, citizen and stakeholder involvement in planning decisions pertaining to the environment remains negligible (Callanan, 2005; Flynn, 2003) In the contemporary world, planning decisions pertaining to the environment are accompanied by a myriad of controversial issues. Controversial issues pertaining to environmental planning decisions usually revolve around fairness, ethics, and the manner in which evidence is used in coming up with environmental decisions and regulations. In the UK, current controversial environmental planning decisions manifest themselves in two events which are going to be critically examined in this paper. The first event is the decision, which was made by the UK’s Secretary of State, declared that thirty two hectares of an ancient woodland be wiped out to enable the expansion of an existing rag-stone mine. . The second thing is the revelations that were identified in a meeting that was held by representatives from the UK Business Council for Sustainable Development to deliberate on issues pertaining to environmentally sustainable development.  Ã‚  

The Oral Shift in Learning of Nursing Students Research Paper

The Oral Shift in Learning of Nursing Students - Research Paper Example The expected data for analysis is qualitative in nature justifies the methodology of research selected by the authors’. The philosophic underpinnings of research have been aptly discussed by the authors as they state that appropriate clinical experience is necessary for professional growth and development. Transfer of information in the form of oral shift report (OSR) has been identified as an important juncture wherein vital information pertinent to quality and continuity of patient care is exchanged (Skaalvik et al, 2010). The authors’ therefore, stress upon the fact that OSR can exert significant influence on learners’ (NSS) knowledge as their innate curiosity can be satisfied by sharing experiences with knowledgeable and well informed senior nurses’. ... Purpose The purpose of this study has been explicitly defined by the authors’ as an endeavor to ascertain the influences during OSR which could impact the learning experiences of NSs by direct observation in clinical settings where this practice is routine. They identified three nursing homes (NHS) within Norway where NSs usually are sent during the third year of their training to get firsthand experience under the guidance of nursing supervisors’. They carefully selected 12 participants and an equal number of nursing supervisor’s as participants’ in this study. The projected significance to the field of nursing has been described by the authors’ as reinforcement of theoretical knowledge by tackling real-life scenarios in consultation with experienced staff. Method The qualitative design of this study in the form of direct observation followed by semi-structured interviews’ was based upon the validity of such methods as evidenced through cite d literature by the authors’. The selected three nursing homes (NH) had identical staff-patient ratios and catered to identical patient-care scenarios. The number of participants’ in the study was however quite low (12, with 1 dropping out), which could have influenced the results of this study. Larger participation is essential to draw pertinent inferences. However, as the first author was the lone direct observer and semi-structured interviews were held at the end of this period, the study was capable of providing an indicative illustration of the effects and influence of OSRs on the participants’ gain in knowledge.

The implementation of a statistical process control to ensure total Essay

The implementation of a statistical process control to ensure total quality management and identify solutions to satysfying customer needs and reduce waste in the company - Essay Example This is inherently present in the method of data collection that was put in place while conducting the primary analysis. In this case, the data that has been put forward in the report was collected by analyzing the colour defects in a random sample of 200 units and the height variance of dolls for a period of 30 days. For accuracy, charts and table were designed and analyzed. We used an Np-chart to plot data on the colour defects and a histogram for the height difference of the dolls as the appropriate Statistical Process Control charts to monitor the data. The Np-chart was used because the data on colour defects was prepared as counted time attribute data with a constant sample size. The following charts prepared in MS-excel show the findings of the report in details. Chart 1.0 Np-chart for the number of defective dolls The Np-chart shows how the process, measured by the number of nonconforming items such as the dolls it produces, changes over time. Chart 2.0 Histogram for the heigh t measurements of the dolls The histogram was a suitable choice because the data collected in the 30 days was a measured time variable data with columns of decimals. Discussion and Recommendation The results indicate that there is a problem in the company. More specifically, the problem is traceable to the production part of the company. Consequently, the managerial team of the company should act fast in implementation of effective measures some of which we have discussed in the recommendations provided. There is a high number of customer dissatisfaction due to inconsistent and non-uniform manufacturing. It is evident, from both the report as well as the data collected too, that for every 200units sampled at... This study looks into Tom pulling Toys Company, a well-respected major global manufacturer of educational toys for children. The company plans to expand its profit margin and crave towards becoming a market leader. However, with the current competition from China, the company is in the race towards changing its strategies to counter the completion and remain profitable. With such demands to find the ideal changes, a Statistical Process Control method has been put in place to solve this issue. This report gives the overview of the progress of the Processes control in detail. After investigating the variation in the height of dolls and the different colour schemes in the dolls sampled, it was found that the dolls are suitable for the market but fail to meet Total Quality Management that is in line with the company requirements. This results from production of dolls that are not within a competitive scope of the market and provides a leeway for companies in China to provide threatening competition to the sale of dolls and possibly other products which are also part of the products that the company produces. In any market, it is imperative to stay ahead of the competition in order to remain relevant and improve competitive edge. It is important to consider long term benefits to the company when designing and manufacturing given the quality of the products will be ultimately determined by the customers. Apart from handling the individual faults in the height and colouring of the dolls, the product quality needs to be defined with measurable and appealing characteristics that can win buyers.

Magazine Production and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Magazine Production and Design - Essay Example We go the extra mile and do not print paper with a high ratio of the post-consumer content. In order to avoid toxicity, high energy consumption and waste disposal problems our magazine does not use chemicals to de-ink post consumer paper. X-treme Suburbia does not use virgin-fiber paper in its production. We recycle the scrap paper from our production facility into newsprint rather than white paper saving energy, water, and chemical treatment. Our vendors have obtained certifications that recognize sustainable forestry. This is a guarantee that our products adhere to strict environmental standards. We primarily use soy, a vegetable-based ink. It is extremely environmentally friendly. The printed pieces are water based aqueous that are very friendly to the environment much more than the commonly used UV coatings. Our waste is minimal since we use top grade paper, well-trained press operators, and efficient printing equipment. Our magazines pages contain over 90% recycled fiber and 30% post-consumer waste and 100% recycled content. We save millions of trees in the process. Our magazine is locally manufactured cutting on transportation costs and keeping carbon footprint low. Our paper mill uses the latest technology that lowers emissions by 90% and saving millions of gallons of water. We are currently working on the process of ISO certification. Our magazine is affordable, brighter and whiter.At X-treme Suburbia we go an extra mile in educating society about the need to take care of the environment and natural resources. The strategy of producing, designing and distributing products in different locations has been used by many organizations in the history of business. It is known as diversification, and it has several advantages and a few disadvantages. The most obvious of these advantages is that diversification enables the organization to spread its risks since it does not keep all its eggs in one basket. When all activities are crammed into one

Finance and Growth Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Finance and Growth Strategies - Assignment Example The internal rate of return is the cost of capital that will equate the present value of future cash flows to zero. In other words, it is the required rate of return which will yield a zero NPV. Thus, equation 1 can be modified such that NPV is replaced by 0. NPV calculations can be done manually but the process is tedious as it requires calculating the NPV by using different values of cost of capital. Another is the use of software like Microsoft Excel to generate a more accurate figure. The decision about whether the project should be accepted or not will be based on the results of the financial and strategic analyses using techniques like NPV and IRR. In using NPV as a tool, the general rule is to accept projects or investments which generates a positive NPV while rejecting those which yields negative NPV. The result of the NPV has a direct implication on the value of IRR relative to the required rate of return. Accordingly, a project is pursued if the IRR is equal to or higher than the required rate of return. In contrast, a project with a lower IRR than the cost of capital is turned down. It should be noted that a positive NPV is indicative of an IRR which is higher than the required rate of return. Â  Accordingly, a project is pursued if the IRR is equal to or higher than the required rate of return. In contrast, a project with a lower IRR than the cost of capital is turned down. It should be noted that a positive NPV is indicative of an IRR which is higher than the required rate of return. The project considered by Fujisawa, which is the expansion of its product line should be accepted based on the quantitative analyses using NPV and IRR techniques. The investment yields a relatively high NPV of 9,235,200. The IRR of 33.996% is very high compared to the required rate of return of 9%. Thus, Fujisawa will reap higher benefits than its capital outlay in the proposed project. However, it should also be noted that quantitative analyses are often not enough in ascertaining whether an investment should be pursued or not. Though expansion of the product is quantitatively profitable, qualitative factors like consumer demand and others should also be taken into account. Â  

Gender Roles in Manuel Puig's The Kiss of the Spider Woman Essay

Gender Roles in Manuel Puig's The Kiss of the Spider Woman - Essay Example So, the author continues, "En cambio, un homosexual, con fijacin femenina, si, todava, puede defender esa ideologa, porque, como desea ser mujer, pero no puede realizar la experiencia de sea mujer, no puede llegar a desengaarse y sigue el engavio, en el sueiio de que la realizacin de la mujer esta en encontrar un hombre que la va a guiar y que se va a ocupar de ella, lo cual es buscar un padre y no un compaero" (Osario, p. 53). Puig subtly unfolds another aspect of his project: writing about a homosexual. It does not stop surprising us how or why this aspect of his writing has to be grounded with an explanation "beforehand!" That is, by framing the homosexual character of the novel, Molina, first, as "a feminine character who still believed in the existence of a superior man" and, then, as a "homosexual, with feminine fixations," Puig is showing us a certain anxiety regarding homosexuality in his writing. Puig's presentation of Molina is an excuse. It is important to highlight this particular moment in the author's explanation (or excuse) for the homosexual subject because, after presenting such a brilliant feminist reading of the homosocial valorisation of the superior macho, he almost obsessively and uncritically positions the homosexual within the heterosexual matrix as produced by the Oedipal complex--the Freudian "structure" of which he is critical in the footnotes of El beso. How do we reconcile both of the author's positions--on the one hand, his more challenging perspective that informs the construction of masculinity as the fantasy of the homosocial; on the other hand, a reductive and misogynist reading of male homosexuality as a desire to become and appropriate .the "feminine" Moreover, how do we read homosexuality outside the Oedipal complex When we consider the question of sexuality in the text, we must look not simply at writing about homosexual themes or a homosexual character in a "popular" novel, but--and more importantly--the author's own gayness. A consideration of sexual difference as epistemology illuminates our critical reading of a text (Sedgwick, 1991). Along these lines, a reading of El beso de la mujer araa must not only focus on the construction of Molina's sexual identity, the homosexual "with feminine fixations" as a performer of transvestism; but, also, analyze the transvestitic performance of Valentin as a Marxist. This essay will show that ideology--in this case, oppositional revolutionary politics-signals a transvestitic performance; and, that this ideological transvestism necessarily sublimates the homoerotics of any heterosexual male encounter. That is, every male "event" connotes a hidden homosexual embrace. The politics of denying this embrace shamelessly produce the language of sexism and homoph obia. The structure of the El beso de la mujer araa is simple: Valentin, a political prisoner, and Molina share a cell where Molina's retelling of B-movies make the time spent there easier. Before looking at some of the stories told by the prisoners, I would like to evaluate the importance the prison takes as a site of narration. One cannot help thinking of an Arcipreste de Hita or a Cervantes who wrote his masterpiece in/from prison. The architectural design of a prison influences Molina's fantastic story-telling: the close walls must be transcended with complex narratives and performances (Merrim, 1981). If spaces can be labelled "heterosexual," "lesbian," "educational,"

Emotions & Brody Essay Example for Free

Emotions Brody Essay Brody (2001) defines â€Å"emotions as motivational systems with physiological, behavioral, experiential, and cognitive components† (p. 15). The author adds that â€Å"emotions have a positive or negative valence and also vary in intensity or arousal levels, from mild to strong† (p. 15). Emotional expression indicates outward manifestation on an individual’s face, while emotional experience is a state of feeling that only the individual knows it (Brody, 2001). Emotional expression may either play a role as a self-communicative function or may reflect the behavioral and physiological arousal together with the emotional experience (Brody, 2001). Expression of feelings may help an individual to determine the characteristic of an emotional experience (Brody, 2001). Factors that influence facial expression rely on the individual who expresses the emotion, the individual who perceives the emotion, the message expressed in each channel, and previous experience (Ekman Sullivan, 1991). Facial feedback pertains to patterned proprioceptive feedback coming from the muscle activity in the face or from integrated expressions in the face (Ekman Sullivan, 1991). According to Ekman and Sullivan (1991), the facial feedback hypothesis is an important determining factor of the experience of emotion. The authors add that the facial feedback hypothesis contends that an individual can utilize information from his or her own facial behavior to figure out what he or she feels. The facial feedback hypothesis also claims that the expression of emotion causes autonomic, hormonal, and behavioral alterations that initiate the experience of the emotion (Brody, 2001). Facial expressions are being utilized by individuals as clues as to what emotions they are experiencing or in making judgments concerning their attitudes (Brody, 2001). A positive facial expression show more positive reactions such as understanding instead of anger, than those individuals who are showing angry facial expressions (Brody, 2001). Emotional experience happens when unforeseen changes in personally significant goals are realized (Stein, Hernandez, Trabasso, 2008). The situation that surrounds an emotion starts when a precipitating event happens and warns an individual to some type of alterations in a personally significant goal (Stein, Hernandez, Trabasso, 2008). An emotional episode is defined as a â€Å"sequence of events that includes the precipitating event; appraisals of the change in the status of a goal; the physiological and neurophysiological reactions that occur in relation to the change; the emotional reaction itself; and subsequent appraisal, planning, and behavior sequences carried out to cope with the impact of the goal change† (Stein, Hernandez, Trabasso, 2008, p. 575). An emotional response of an individual should continue to be expressed or experienced if new meaning is realized from discovering a repeated event in order for the event to be connected to new information not previously accessed (Stein, Hernandez, Trabasso, 2008). Appraisal theory contends that emotions rely on understanding the adaptational relevance or personal significance of a situation (Parkinson, 2001). Appraisal is influenced by several factors such as perceptual, sensory-motor, and cognitive processes (Parkinson, 2001). Furthermore, appraisal processes are believed to happen between input and output in a cognitive system of an individual (Parkinson, 2001). They are influenced by an ongoing dialogue, in which interpersonally distributed cognition was used to achieve emotional conclusions (Parkinson, 2001). When an individual describes his or her experience based on a given emotion, he or she has a tendency to manifest distinctive patterns of appraisal corresponding to the given emotion (Parkinson, 2001). This means that an individual’s everyday emotional representations are linked with relatively consistent attributes of appraisal profiles (Parkinson, 2001). References Brody, L. (2001). Gender, emotion, and the family. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Ekman, P. O’Sullivan, M. (1991). Facial expression: Methods, means, and moues. In R. S. Feldman B. Rime (Eds. ), Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior (pp. 163-199). Cambridge University Press. Parkinson, B. (2001). Putting appraisal in context. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, T. Johnstone (Eds. ), In Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 173-186). USA: Oxford University Press. Stein, N. L. , Hernandez, M. W. , Trabasso, T. (2008). In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, L. F. Barrett (Eds. ), Handbook of emotions (pp. 574-586). United Kingdom: Guilford Press.

European Influence on Japan & China Essay Example for Free

European Influence on Japan China Essay The European arrival had an effect on both China and Japan. China and Japan had some similar and different reactions to the arrival of the Europeans. In China and Japan, the European arrival affected the technologies and economies of both societies similarly, whereas the reason of isolation differed in these societies. The technology of the Europeans following their arrival penetrated both the Japanese and Chinese societies. In China, in order to gain the elites interest in the Christian religion, the Jesuit missionaries introduced the technology of cannons and clocks. In Japan during the 1950s, the Portuguese technology of clock and gun making, influenced society strongly. The Japanese and Chinese both openly accepted the new European technologies because they felt they needed to accept the technologies to keep up with the Europeans, who seemed more technologically advanced. In both China and Japan, people were being converted to Christianity. They were being converted from top to bottom. Once a year, China and Japan, were able to trade with the Europeans. They isolated themselves and traded with each other. Japan and China also had some different reactions to the European arrival. They had different reasons for isolating. After Zheng He died, the Chinese government decided to close the ports, except two. The Chinese and the Europeans exchanged goods once a year for the next 400 years. China agreed with the isolation because the scholar gentry saw the voyages as a waste of resources. They rather spend the money on defending China. Japan grew doubts with the European intentions, that both merchants and missionaries might subvert the existing social order. This led to official measures to restrict foreign activities in Japan. Under Ieyasu and his successors, the persecution of the Christians increased to isolate Japan from outside influences. In the 1630s, all the Japanese ships were forbidden to trade or even sail overseas. By the mid-17th century, Japan’s retreat into almost total isolation was complete. A major difference was after Japan isolated themselves, an elite group still remained interested in the Europeans. Unlike the Chinese who looked down on the Europeans and ignored what they had to offer and stay isolated with them. The Chinese and Japanese had similar and different reactions to the arrival of the Europeans. Both of these societies had a technology advancement. Also, they both isolated themselves from the Europeans and instead they traded with each other. They had different reasons for isolating. Also, an important difference was that in Japan, a group remained interested in the Europeans. This differed from the Chinese because after they isolated, they didn’t want anything to do with the Europeans.

History Of The Bus Topology

History Of The Bus Topology A bus topology is a network set up in which nodes are connected to a segment of cable in the logical shape of a line, with a terminator at each end. A bus topology connects each computer or nodes to a single segment trunk. All nodes on the network share a common bus and use a multi-drop transmission medium. Bus network allows only one device to transmit at a time. A distributed access protocol determines which station is to transmit. The signal goes from one end of the bus to another. A terminator is needed at each to cut down the signal so it does not reflect back across the bus. CSMA/CA, media access method, is used to control the collisions that take place when two signals placed on the wire at the same time. There are two types of bus topology: Linear Bus Topology and Distributed Bus Topology. In Linear Bus Topology, all nodes of the network are connected to a common transmission medium which has exactly two endpoints. Distributed Bus in which all of the nodes of the network are connected to a common transmission medium which has more than two endpoints that are created by adding branches to the main section of the transmission medium. Bus networks do best with a limited number of devices. If more than limited computers are added to a bus, performance problems will be result. If the backbone cable fails, the entire network effectively becomes unusable. Fig: Bus Topology Ring Topology Ring network topology has no central server and connects computers in a circle of point-to-point connections. Each node handles its own applications. And also shares resources over the entire network. If one node becomes break down, the others are still able to maintain contact with one another. Such a network is best for decentralized systems because no priorities are required. The signal is transferred through a token for one station to the next. When a station needs to transmit, it grabs the token, attaches data and an address to it. And then routes it around the ring. The token travels along the ring till reaches the destination address. The receiving computer replies an acknowledgment to the sender source. The sender then releases the token for use by another computer. Each station on the ring has equal access but only one station can use token at a time. To allow an orderly access to the ring, a single electronic token passes from one computer to the next around the ring. A computer can only transmit data when it captures the token Fig: Ring Topology Star Topology A star topology is one of the most use common network topology where each of the devices and computers on a network connect to a central hub or sometimes just a switch. On a star network, data passes though the hub to its destination. The hub manages and controls all functions of the network. It also performs as a repeater for the data flow. In a star network, the entire network is dependent on the hub so if there is a problem with the hub, the entire network is not working. This makes it easy to troubleshoot by offering a single point for error connection and at the same time the dependency is also very high on that single point. Every computer in the network is safe when the hub is safe. This type of network also offers more privacy than any other network. The star network topology requires more cable than the usual Bus topology. A common cable that is used in star network is the UTP or the unshielded twisted pair cable. Another common cable that is used in star networks is the RJ45 or the Ethernet cables. If one computer fails in the network, it does not affect any other computer in the network and the purposes of this computer can be easily changed to the next computer easily using the controls of hub. In a Star Network Topology it is possible to have all the important data backups on the hub in a private folder so if one computer fails, it can still use data using the next computer in the network and accessing the backup files on the hub. New devices or nodes can easily be added to the Star Network by just extending a cable from the hub. Because of the hub controls everything, the addition or removal of devices are done using the hub. If the hub adds a device such as a printer or a fax machine, all the other computers on the network can access that new device by accessing the hub. The device is no need to be installed on all the computers in the entire network. The central function is cost effective and easier to maintain. Fig: Star Topology Mesh Topology A type of network configuration where each of the computers and network devices are interconnected with one another allows for most transmissions to be distributed even if one of the connections goes down. This type of topology is not commonly used for most computer networks because it is difficult and expensive to have redundant connection to every computer. In Mesh network, it can route data, voice and instructions between nodes. It allows for continuous connections and reconfiguration around broken or blocked paths by hopping from node to node until the destination is reached. A mesh network whose nodes are all connected to each other is a fully connected network. The network can still operate even when a node fails or a connection goes bad. On a mesh network, messages can send via any of several possible paths from source to destination. It employs one of two connection arrangements, full mesh topology or partial mesh topology. In the full mesh topology, each node is connected directly to each of the others. In the partial mesh topology, some nodes are connected to all the others, but some of the nodes are connected only to those other nodes with which they exchange the most data. Fig: Mesh Topology Different types of cables Different types of network cables are used depending on the kind of network. The type of cable used for a network depends on the networks topology, protocol, and size. If a network has large number of network devices, it will need cables that provide high speed and error free connectivity. Some of the cables being used today are Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables, coaxial cables and fiber optic cables. The UTP cable is the most popular variety, largely used for school networks as it transfers data at 100 mbps. Coaxial cables have a single copper conductor at their center. A plastic layer provides insulation between the center conductor and the braided metal shield. The outer metal shield blocks out outer interferences such as lights, motors and other computers. Fiber optic cables consist of a center glass core surrounded by several layers of protective materials. It transmits light rather than electronic signals and transfers signals over much longer distances than coaxial and twisted pair cables. Network cables are the backbone of any network. However, today several networks are switching over to other mediums of data transfer such as high frequency radio signals, and infrared light beams to connect the workstations. These systems are not only fast and effective, but also do away with the problem of maintain several hundred feet of cables spreading across the workspace. With such technologies coming to the forefront, the future may well tilt in favor of wireless systems. 10Mbps Networking Standard Cable Type Segment Length Connector 10Base2 Thin Coaxial 185 meters BNC 10BaseT Category 3, 4, 5 twisted pair 100 meters RJ-45 10BaseFL Fiber-optic 2000 meters SC/ST b) Advantages and Disadvantages of medium. Media Type Maximum Segment Length Speed Cost Advantages Disadvantages UTP 100 m 10 Mbps to 1000 Mbps Least expensive Easy to install; widely available and widely used Susceptible to interference; can cover only a limited distance STP 100 m 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps More expensive than UTP Reduced crosstalk; more resistant to EMI than Thinnet or UTP Difficult to work with; can cover only a limited distance Coaxial 500 m (Thicknet) 185 m (Thinnet) 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps Relatively inexpensive, but more costly than UTP Less susceptible to EMI interference than other types of copper media Difficult to work with (Thicknet); limited bandwidth; limited application (Thinnet); damage to cable can bring down entire network Fiber-Optic 10 km and farther (single-mode) 2 km and farther (multimode) 100 Mbps to 100 Gbps (single mode) 100 Mbps to 9.92 Gbps (multimode) Expensive Cannot be tapped, so security is better; can be used over great distances; is not susceptible to EMI; has a higher data rate than coaxial and twisted-pair cable Difficult to terminate c) Recommendation. Star topology would be the best way to use for renewing Townsville Police Department Network infrastructure because of in-house network (LAN) structure. Star topology should be also used for following reasons. Easy to install and reconfigure. No disruptions to the network when connecting or removing devices. Easy to detect faults and to remove parts. Less expensive. Includes robustness, that is, if one link fails, only that link is affected, other links remain active. It has been said that Townsville Police Department covers an area of 100 square kilometers and Townsville is divided into four districts (Northern, Eastern, Western and Southern). For that reason, the switch should be placed in the center of four districts. So, the network cable must cover 50 kilometer and the switch must be gigabit Ethernet. Therefore, UTP with cat6E is the most suitable network for such an area of network. Category 6 UTP Category 6 supports gigabit Ethernet and is recognized by standards bodies as supporting 10GBASE-T, however there are limitations that must be considered. The IEEE 802.3an standard cites a 55 meter distance limitation for standard category 6, which is not universally agreed upon within the TIA and ISO standards.TIA TSB 155 recently released a Technical Service Bulletin covering additional parameters for running 10GBASE-T on standard category 6. In this document a 37 meter distance limitation is referenced for 10GBASE-T on standards compliant category 6 systems. Between 37 meters and the IEEE referenced 55 meters, standard category 6 may support 10GBASE-T, but it is possible that the installer may have to use alien crosstalk mitigation techniques such as unbundling cables or replacing patch cords to improve the electrical parameters to allow 10GBASE-T to work properly. Above 55 meters, it is unlikely that category 6 UTP would work properly without a large amount of mitigation to reduc e alien crosstalk. A key takeaway is that using category 6 UTP for 10GBASE-T should be focused on existing installations, not new installations. The choice for new installations designed to support 10GBASE-T should be augmented category 6 UTP, STP or optical fiber systems. Category 6 Advantages  » Cost and size of media, relative to augmented category 6 and STP  » Installed base currently the dominant UTP cabling standard  » Installation widely accepted Category 6 Disadvantages  » Limited distance for 10GBASE-T  » External noise suppression at 100 m, relative to shielded systems or augmented category 6 Task 2 a) Nowadays, there are several usages of Internet by means of so many ways. There are three basic Internet services: Information (browsing, online-shopping, etc.) Communications (mail, chat, Video conferencing, etc.) Files sharing (downloading, uploading, etc.) b) The connecting suitable for above severs are as follows: For Information service: It can cover only 100 Kbits/s usually prove adequate. For Communication: For video conferencing, bandwidths of no more than 384 Kbits/s usually prove adequate. As for chatting communication, especially for yahoo chat, 28 Kbits/s should be enough. For File Sharing: As for file sharing, bandwidths of more than 1 Mbit/s are most suitable. c) The Internet Service Provider in Myanmar Myanmar Posts and Telecommunications The Myanmar Posts and Telecommunications (MPT), is the sole provider of telecommunication services in Myanmar. It is a Government Agency, operating under the Ministry of Communications, Posts and Telegraphs. It was founded in 1884 as a small Department of Posts and Telegraphs and has grown into the present day Myanma Posts and Telecommunications with approximately 13800 employees of which about 380 are managerial level staff. The present organization is headed by the Managing Director and a General Manager as his deputy. There are nine major departments operating under respective deputy general managers/chief engineers in the fields of administration, works and inspection, planning, training, finance, stores, automatic telephones, overseas communications and long distance communications. The three main categories of services rendered by MPT are the postal services, telegraph services and telephone services, for both domestic and international communications. d) Since, there is only one ISP in our country (Myanmar); we have to use MPT (Myanmar Posts and Telecommunication) as an ISP for our country. Task 3 a) Methods of Two-Way Voice communications Two-way voice communications (radios) are essentially available in three types: Hand-held portable, Vehicle-mounted mobile, and Desktop-base station There are also unique two-way radio devices such as indoor and outdoor call boxes and one-way radio receivers for wireless paging. Hand-held portable two-way radios are the walkie talkie type of radios. As ruled by the FCC (Federal Communications Commission), hand-held radios may not have more than 5 watts of power. Vehicle-mounted mobile two-way radios mount in a car or truck and they use the vehicles battery for power. They may have their own antenna, but better range is achieved by using an externally-mounted antenna. Desktop base station radios use wall AC power and they too may have a built-in antenna, but this antenna may be disconnected and then connected to cable that leads to an external-mounted antenna. The higher the antenna is mounted, the better the range. The vehicle-mounted mobile radios are usually used as base stations by just adding an AC to DC power converter. Mobile and Base station radios are usually more powerful than hand-held radios and may have as much as 100 watts of power. Frequencies There are two major frequency formats for two-way radios. They are Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio and Very High Frequency (VHF) radio. Neither frequency band is inherently better than the other. They each have their pluses and minuses. Both formats are effective ways to communicate with another person. UHF radio The UHF radio band for commercial radios is between 400 512 MHz. Until recently, it wasnt widely used. Now, the UHF radio frequency is used for two-way radios, GPS, Blue-tooth, cordless phones, and WiFi. VHF radio The VHF radio band for commercial radios is between 130 174 MHz. FM radio, two-way radios, and television broadcasts operate in this range. Both UHF and VHF radios are prone to line of sight factors, but VHF a little more so. The waves make it through trees and rugged landscapes, but not as well as UHF frequencies do. However, if a VHF wave and a UHF wave were transmitted over an area without barriers, the VHF wave would travel almost twice as far. This makes VHF easier to broadcast over a long range. Two-way radios, hand-held portable, vehicle-mounted mobile and desktop base station are full duplex. b) Legal requirement for operation system Two -way radio devices Two-way radio power Antennas Channel usages FCC Licensing Audio Accessories Cases, Holsters, and Belt Clips Batteries Repeaters Drop-in Charger Multi-charging Units Selectable Power Operators Administrators Control station Additional and optional knowledge of two-way voice communication technology Overall knowledge of how to use a selected two-way voice communication device Costs of setting up and operating the system in my country As for hand-held two way voice communication device, according to amazon.com, the costs are as follows: For Cobra CTX400 GMRS/FRS 2-Way Rechargeable Radio with Hands-Free Operation (Pair) $36.88 For Townsville Police Department, total cost for using hand-held two way voice communication device is up to $2065.28. d) Limitations of each method (interference, range, etc.). Product Features 22 Mile Range, 22 Channels 121 Privacy Codes 10 Channel NOAA radio Hands-free operation (VOX) 8 Rechargeable AAA batteries, and a 2 port desk charger included Maximum range extender and belt clip included for maximum efficiency and carrying ease Lead-Free, Eco-Friendly Packaging e) As for following feature Highlights, tow way voice communication should be set up. VOX The Voice Activated Transmit (VOX) feature enables us to use our radio hands free. When VOX is turned on, the radio will automatically begin transmitting when we speak, without pressing the push-to-talk button. VOX works well for any application. On most VOX-capable radios there is a slight delay between when we start speaking and when the microphone turns on so the first part of the conversation may be clipped. Most radio users overcome this by repeating the first word. Military Specification Standards In an effort to achieve standardization objectives for purchases of products used by the military and other government organizations, the U.S. Department of Defense created standards that these products must meet. We will see these standards called military standard, MIL-STD, or MIL-SPEC. These standards ensure products meet certain requirements, commonality, reliability, compatibility, and similar defense-related objectives. According to Military Specification Standards, Townsville Police Department should be used Cobra CTX400 GMRS/FRS 2-Way Rechargeable Radio. Task 4 a) Since AVAYA IP Office 4.0 is only software for PBX telephone system, the main equipment that would be installed is only software. The procedure for the installation is as follows: Installation To establish and maintain an IP DECT installation, a network infrastructure is assumed, which comprises at least the following components: IP Base Stations IP DECT phone IP Office TFTP server (which can be the IP Office or 3rd Party) Depending on the operational requirements the following services should be provided: DHCP SNTP DNS WML/HTTP Syslog daemon b) AVAYA IP Office 4.0 Telephone System (IP DECT) Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunication The standard (ETS 300 175) essentially specifies the air interface, known as the radio interface. Voice and data can both be transmitted via this interface. DECT key technical characteristics are: Frequency range: approximately 1,880 1,900 GHz (approximately 20 MHz bandwidth) 10 carrier frequencies (1,728 MHz spacing) with 12 time slots each Doubling the number of time slots (to 24) using the TDMA process Net data rate per channel of 32 kbit/s (for voice transmission using ADPCM) Voice coding using the ADPCM method Maximum transmission power of 10 mW GAP Generic About the IP DECT Base Stations There are two types of IP Base Station. All IP Base Stations have the same hardware and software capabilities. Indoor IP Base Station The indoor IP Base Station is for indoor use only. It can be powered by a mains adapter or by 802.3af compliant power over Ethernet. Note For Australia and New Zealand the mains adaptor is not currently supported. Only 802.3af compliant power over Ethernet is supported. Outdoor IP Base Station The outdoor IP Base Station can be used outdoors or indoors. The outdoor IP Base Station can only be powered by 802.3af compliant power over Ethernet. Note Avaya Power over Ethernet adaptors are non 802.3af compliant, and therefore cannot power the ADMM. One of the IP Base Station within an IP DECT installation must be chosen (at installation time) to operate as the ADMM. This ADMM mode is in addition to the normal IP Base Station functionality that all the other base stations retain. c) Costs for installing AVAYA IP office There are two models of phones: the 3701 and 3711 phones. Avaya Kirk DECT phones (WT9620 and DT20) function on the IP DECT solution, but the functionality is limited. AVAYA Partner 18D- Digital phone 3 new from $95.00 Avaya 6408D+- Digital phone -multi-line operation Avaya 5621SWP IP Phone (700385982) Avaya IP400 Analog Trunk 4 card Available at external website: Atlas Phones for $199.00 d) Costs for operating the system Avaya IP Office Smart Card w/Voicemail Pro like new, available at external website: Atlas Phones for $1,095.00. Premise-based IP PBX systems vary extremely widely in cost and even more so as we look at wide-scale deployments and future growth and additions to a system. A basic premise-based box for a relatively small number of users say up to 20 in a single location can cost less than $1,000 excluding the phones themselves. But expansion costs and other branch locations can change the cost equation dramatically. In addition, we will have ongoing costs related to connection to the regular phone system and whatever connection costs are imposed by our backbone supplier. These ongoing costs are nevertheless going to be considerably lower than any other form of phone system. They should be lower than hosted VoIP solutions, and they will be dramatically lower than any older PBX and telecommunications provider. Phones are an additional cost, but when buying a premise-based IP PBX system, we often have greater flexibility than in any other arrangement. We can choose to go with very low-cost, no-name or bottom-of-the-line phones (which are still perfectly capable) all the way up to top-notch phones from manufacturers such as Polycom and Siemens that provide usability benefits (although often at a price premium). For Townsville Police Department, AVAYA Partner 18D- Digital phone should be used up to 6 base stations as for details, one Headquarter Reception Area, four Districts, and one serious crime squad. e) Recommendation for AVAYA The IP DECT solution delivers all the benefits of IP-based converged communications with the convenience of in-building wireless communications. Designed to support a large number of users, the IP DECT system enables users to carry a wireless phone and get full access to all the features they are accustomed to using at their desk phone. The IP DECT solution, which connects to the IP Office using a variant of the H.323 protocol, can support users in different offices that are connected via a WAN. An IP DECT cordless handset can travel from one office to another, making and taking calls. The DECT over IP system comprises the following components: At least one IP Base Station connected over an IP network and offering IP DECT as a wireless interface. A maximum of 32 IP Base Stations are supported. IP Office Small Office Edition, IP Office 406v2, 403, 406v1 or 412 with available VCM resources. IP DECT phone: Avaya 3701 and Avaya 3711 wireless phones. A maximum of 120 IP DECT phones are supported. Avaya IP DECT Mobility Manager (ADMM): management interface for IP DECT Wireless Solution, which runs on either one of the IP DECT Base Stations. The picture displayed next page gives a graphical overview of the architecture of the IP DECT Wireless solution. The IP Office, ADMM and the IP Base Stations communicate through the IP infrastructure. The IP Base Stations and the IP DECT phones communicate over air. Graphical overview of the architecture of the IP DECT Wireless solution Task 5 Task (5) This is the detail report for the overall tasks sorting from Task 1 to Task 4.In Task 1, the Townsville Police Department should be used Category 6 UTP by the following reasons:  » Cost and size of media, relative to augmented category 6 and STP  » Installed base currently the dominant UTP cabling standard  » Installation widely accepted And it is suitable for Townsville Police Department. Category 6 supports gigabit Ethernet and is recognized by standards bodies as supporting 10GBASE-T, however there are limitations that must be considered. The IEEE 802.3an standard cites a 55 meter distance limitation for standard category 6, which is not universally agreed upon within the TIA and ISO standards.TIA TSB 155 recently released a Technical Service Bulletin covering additional parameters for running 10GBASE-T on standard category 6. In this document a 37 meter distance limitation is referenced for 10GBASE-T on standards compliant category 6 systems. Between 37 meters and the IEEE referenced 55 meters, standard category 6 may support 10GBASE-T, but it is possible that the installer may have to use alien crosstalk mitigation techniques such as unbundling cables or replacing patch cords to improve the electrical parameters to allow 10GBASE-T to work properly. Above 55 meters, it is unlikely that category 6 UTP would work properly without a large amount of mitigation to reduc e alien crosstalk. A key takeaway is that using category 6 UTP for 10GBASE-T should be focused on existing installations, not new installations. The choice for new installations designed to support 10GBASE-T should be augmented category 6 UTP, STP or optical fiber systems. Townsville Police Department has been restructured within an area of 100 square kilometers. But Townsville PD could not over more than 500 square kilometers because the head departments are divided into four districts (Northern, Eastern, Western and southern). Cat 6 UTP could support that area. For Task 2, the services for internet connections are as follows: Information (browsing, online-shopping, etc.) Communications (mail, chat, Video conferencing, etc.) Files sharing (downloading, uploading, etc.) These services are the most common used for internet. And recommended connection speeds are as follows: For Information service: It can cover only 100 Kbits/s usually prove adequate. For Communication: For video conferencing, bandwidths of no more than 384 Kbits/s usually prove adequate. As for chatting communication, especially for most chatting communications, 28 Kbits/s should be enough. For File Sharing: As for file sharing, bandwidths of more than 1 Mbit/s are most suitable. There is only one Internet Service Provider in our country, Myanmar Ports and Communications. In Task 3, there are too many options for two -way voice communication devices. Two-way voice communications (radios) are essentially available in three types: Hand-held portable, Vehicle-mounted mobile, and Desktop-base station These are most common used for two-way voice communication. And I provided the recommendation the device as follows: Military Specification Standards In an effort to achieve standardization objectives for purchases of products used by the military and other government organizations, the U.S. Department of Defense created standards that these products must meet. We will see these standards called military standard, MIL-STD, or MIL-SPEC. These standards ensure products meet certain requirements, commonality, reliability, compatibility, and similar defense-related objectives. According to Military Specification Standards, Townsville Police Department should be used two way voice communication technology. For Task 4, the main equipments that would be installed are just only the software. There are so many options and vendors that provide telephone known as PBX. Among those vendors, I chose AVAYA IP Office 4.0 Telephone System (IP DECT). As for Townsville Police Department, like military office, it is important to choose the right products. The IP DECT solution delivers all the benefits of IP-based converged communications with the convenience of in-building wireless communications. Designed to support a large number of users, the IP DECT system enables users to carry a wireless phone and get full access to all the features they are accustomed to using at their desk phone. The IP DECT solution, which connects to the IP Office using a variant of the H.323 protocol, can support users in different offices that are connected via a WAN. An IP DECT cordless handset can travel from one office to another, making and taking calls.

Essay --

Looking back at America’s past wars I wonder what would have happened if we lost any of them? What would’ve happened if we lost in the war against Great Britain? What would have happened if we lost in any other war from our pass? There is a strong possibility that this country would have been governed by a form dictatorship, not a state of democracy. War to many is seen as destruction and death to millions of innocent and guilty individuals. But war is much more than just destruction and death; it’s about defending one’s country honor and improving individual’s way of life. Having a strong and powerful military is great for a nation for reason, it can defend, and it can boost the nations economy. Structurally, when different societies and cultural groups look at the military, they should ask this question, â€Å"What makes the military so intimidating to the point we despise it?† In my opinion, the military probably seems intimidating because of their nonstop technological advancements and using anthropologist to help better them understanding a different culture from their own and also go to war with an enemy without harming innocent civilians. Yes, it can be said as well as seen, that the American military spends billions of dollars each year creating and advancing their technology to â€Å"outgun† their enemy during times of war (Lutz). The billions of dollars that the American government uses towards military not alone creates weapons of war, it also provides jobs and keeps a steadiness in the business cycle (Lutz). Even though the government spends a very large amount of money on the military cultural groups tend to overlook the cultural intelligence that also being used to overcome and overpower the enemy. The Human Terrain System (HT... ... as peacemakers in a warzone, they are often looked upon as individuals who are promoting war. The HTS program was designed to mix troop education, ethnography and save lives in communities and territories. Death is evitable it can never be prevented. Death can happen at anytime, anywhere under any circumstances. Like the soldiers who enlisted in the military, the anthropologist knew there was a slight possibility that they would be killed in a foreign country. I feel as though both the anthropologist and soldiers are putting their lives on the line so the world can be a safer place for future generations. When I look at both the military and the brave anthropologist who are apart the HTS program I look at two completely different occupations with one common goal, trying to find a safer way for different cultures and society to cohabit the world with being enemies.

Essay on Swifts Gullivers Travels and Orwells 1984 :: comparison compare contrast essays

Swift's Gulliver's Travels and Orwell's 1984  Ã‚     Ã‚   Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels and George Orwell's 1984, two of English literature's most important and pervasive political criticisms, have helped to mold world opinion by offering new viewpoints and attitudes, yet these two novels differ in their means of conveying their satire of human nature. Whereas Gulliver's Travels touches humanity with a humorous note and absurd situations, in order to reveal the public's hypocrisy and society's reprehensible behavior, 1984, in contrast to Gulliver's Travels, presents dismal and depressing circumstances which forebode a heinous future and threaten human existence.    On his quest to reveal the inconsistencies and follies of humankind, Swift first offers the readers an opportunity to laugh at themselves (disguised as a Lilliputians), yet later, the readers find these humorous portrayals underscored with scorching and harsh social and moral satire. Observing the Lilliputians struggle for power in the little wars that they fight, Gulliver laughs at what he considers a joke, but in reality he laughs at human beings and their petty disagreements as well as their obsessions. "There is a good deal of fun in Lilliput, and with Gulliver we are able to assume a certain superior detachment and amusement at the ways of the pigmies" (Davis 86). Another instance of entertainment for the bystander and reader occurs when the Emperor of Lilliput attempts to conquer the entire "world" (obviously not cognizant of a world much larger than his Lilliputo-centric sphere), and to overtake the navy of his mortal enemy. Still laughing and unsuspecting, Gulliver initially follows blindly during his stay, and completes all the tasks assigned to him, for he believes in the goodness of the princes. Not until Gulliver's disillusionment with the iniquity of the princes and emperor, and hence with human beings, does he refuse to follow orders. These initial feelings of blind trust seem comparable to the party members' unquestionable devotion towards Big Brother in the novel 1984. At the moment that the Emperor of Lilliput accuses Gulliver of treachery, Swift clarifies his satire, that the Lilliputians merely represent miniature humans. (Davis 87). Words, then, that the Emperor and his staff had previously used, such as "degenerate nature of man, the great laws of nature, the miseries of human life" break the mold of the Lilliputian world and apply universally to the state of all humans (Davis 90). This short-lived humorous storytelling, offers a glimpse at the ultimate misanthropic messages and subtleties, which underlie the novel.

Essay --

â€Å"Dad I want to be a professional basketball player,† words I murmured to my dad on several occasions as a young boy. But could I possibly make it happen? Or would I end up just your average basketball player? Turns out not every dream can come true. Just like my dream ended, Icarus, the main character in Edward Field’s poem of the same name, failed to live his mythical dream life and fell to a modern, mediocre life. The poem is based on the Greek myth of Icarus and Daedalus but has been translated to fit the story of modern society. A mythological Icarus figuratively flies too high, only to end up falling back to society, doomed to live as a normal, urban individual. Field uses this myth to show the main character’s adjustment from a dream life, to the modern reality. Field employs a metaphor, irony, as well as imagery to an old Greek myth, in order to translate the story to a modern day description of following and failing your dreams. Wanting to show the contrast between Icarus’s life before and after the fall, Field uses a metaphor which he states twice. He describes Icarus’s life before the crash as one with â€Å"arms that controlled huge wings,† and Icarus as one who â€Å"compelled the sun.† He was living his mythological dream to the fullest and even had the power to fly to the sun. In contrast, now living his average, suburban life, Field extends the metaphor and states that Icarus â€Å"constructs small wings and tries to fly to the lighting fixture.† A drastic change from his old life where he had such great wings that could fly to the sun, he now has trouble even reaching the light in the ceiling above him. The poem compares modern urban life with ancient fantastical myths, contrasting mundane society with a dream world of literatur... ...ays, â€Å"He had thought himself a hero, †¦ But he now rides commuter trains.† In the society to which he fell, he was not praised for something with which he could only try to do. One must succeed in order to be remembered. This adds to the irony to create a large contrast to the ancient Greek time period. The poem â€Å"Icarus† by Edward Field uses irony, imagery, and metaphor to translate an ancient myth to a modern society, in order to compare and contrast the reactions of the two separate societies. In ancient Greece, Icarus was a hero who died tragically. The poem illustrates that in this new society he is just a forgotten figure. Nowadays, people do not pay attention to those who try and fail. They just become the normal person in society, as the poem illustrates. For me, many people may not even remember that I played basketball. I have just become the normal athlete.

Militarism

IntroductionMilitarism is a policy where a country finds it necessary to have a strong army or defense system in preparation for war. Covert activities are activities which a countries government gets involved in but would like to keep a secret. John Friedman, (2005)BodyAfter the bomb, America greatly glorified militarism because they began to realize that they had a great number of enemies who were willing to do anything to finish her off in terms of war. The realization that with their current military power at the time their enemies were still able to get to them simply meant that they had to glorify militarism if they were to be assured of a future. John Friedman, (2005) The extent of militarism in our country is so great as evident from the budget allocations of the government of America which give defense such a big consideration.In fact the military of the USA was according to one writer considered to have the strength of the 7 countries ranked behind it combined. The country has the best air defense military in the world. America has also invested greatly in science whereby they sponsor companies to come up with new scientific inventions that make their military even more invincible. The bomb was like an awakening. America also became aggressive military wise as they prepared to take on Iraq in war and even North Korea at the slightest hint of defiance towards anti nuclear weapons. John Friedman, (2005)The issue of militarism should be of concern to all Americans because it means that the country continue to create enemies whom it might not be able to control. As America builds its army, more and more people feel threatened and thus feel provoked even with the slightest suggestion by the American government to any government. In terms of global expansionism, America was able to use its superior military to conquer new grounds for which it could grow its economy as these grounds provided market.Nuclear weapons became a threat after the bomb. Alexander Co ckburn, (1999). The main question here being that if our enemies posses these kind of weapons, how can we be assured of safety if they have already shown their willingness to use anything to finish them off. Hence America fought hard to keep the manufacture of these weapons to a minimum. John Friedman, (2005)This campaign was very sincere to the extent that they said Iraq was making nuclear weapons as an excuse for them to invade Iraq. Alexander Cockburn, (1999)America also began to engage in covert activities as they tried their best to look diplomatic while still engaging in their â€Å"war on terror†. This was a necessary action as they did not want to create more enemies with other threats still pending or rather having not been dealt with. America engaged so deeply in this activity that to this day there are still conspiracies that are still not clear as to whether they were of this government. John Friedman, (2005). For example the 911 attacks on the World Trade Center. Some say it was a government conspiracy so as to get a go ahead with their war on Iraq and the war on terror.This was because the rest of the world did not support the Americans’ intentions. Hence the argument that by attacking themselves and blaming it on their enemies, they were able to get their way. One of the most clear covert activities that the United States of America engaged in was that of toppling the government of Iraq and creating a new government that will work by its demands. The USA toppled the governance of Saddam Hussein in Iraq with a claim that the country was harboring Al-Qaeda militia that was perceived to be a threat to the USA. Currently the countries army is trained and maintained by the USA.John Friedman, (2005), Rumors were also widely spread that the Iraqi president Sadam Hussein was planning to have the country working on nuclear energy. In fact, the raid on Iraq may have been mainly centered on this fact. After the raid on Iraq, no nuclear activi ty was ever found to have taken place in Iraq hence they had to find other excuses as to why they raided the country which included the harboring of the dreaded Al-Qaeda groups that mainly dealt with planning terrorism. This also translates to covert action on the part of USA. John Friedman, (2005)Global expansionism and militarism have played a key role in post- war America in that after a war the countries economy begins to fall sharply. By global expansionism and militarism the country is able to expand the market for its products and in the process creates trade conditions for competing countries. A good case would be the dominance of American products in the African countries where countries are given conditions for loans and protection.In the process global sanctions are created that limit upcoming economies e.g. North Korea, China, India etc. This creates a topic of great concern because with this sanctions, defiance arises e.g. in North Korea, and the result is creation of m issiles and nuclear weaponry. This poses a great threat to the people of USA security-wise. Alexander Cockburn, (1999)The CIA has been tactfully used to cause the subversion of political powers. Some examples include: CIA covert activities on Iran, Cuba and Chile include things like information war. It’s better described as a propaganda mission. Iran is mainly being targeted with pro-democracy messages with the hope that the people will at some point create an upraise against the current system of governance so as to get democracy working for them too. In the process the very people America is fighting against will be eliminated without much struggle i.e. by their own hands.Alexander Cockburn, (1999), In other countries the CIA has secretly involved itself with funding organizations such that these organizations slowly form rebellions against their government. These may include political parties, trade unions and business associations, youth and student organizations, groups e.g. women's groups, civic organizations, religious communities, professional, intellectual and cultural societies, etc. Such rebellions are very handy in toppling governments, dividing and weakening countries. Although they have never quite succeeded in overturning the Fidel Castro regime in Cuba, this has always been their long standing aim. Alexander Cockburn, (1999)ConclusionThe American government greatly upholds Militarism as the country has many enemies arising from its policies. It also engages in covert activities to be able to exert its influence on other countries of interest because if this were to come out clearly then it would loose the support of the United Nations and would become a public enemy. William Blum, (1995).ReferencesWilliam Blum, (1995), Killing Hope, published by Common Courage Press John Friedman, (2005), The secret histories, published by Picador USAAlexander Cockburn, (1999), Whiteout, published by Verso; New Ed edition

Importance of Physical Education

Childhood is the better(p) period to learn, shape or veer behaviors. It is recognized worldwide that the hygienicnessy, sensiblely supple child is more credibly to be academically motivated, alert and successful in school and more likely to take after behaviours that result foster good health through away life thereby promoting long wellness. The school is being increasingly virtuosod as the hub of efforts to promote health and well being of our children.With the growing popularity of private tuition, multimedia technology and the presence of television in practically all Mauritian homes, straight offs youngsters be more likely to spend their leisure time in sedentary activities with limited opportunities for companionable fundamental interaction. Hence, exploring approaches in promoting physical activity and social interaction in the day by day lives of this younger extension has become an urgent need.Health and personal precept (HPE) in the school curriculum proves to be an trenchant means to address this need. through and through a life-skills approach to PE, children fuel interrupt the knowledge, skills, attitudes and values to grow into healthy, physically participating adolescents and productive adults. HPE is intended to address non only the physical, but also the social and emotional dimensions of health, thus fostering the boilersuit directment of the child.There is evidence showing that effective teaching of HPE promotes self-esteem, helps children to develop responsible friendships, enables them to deliver face-to-face differences and inculcates in them a sense of respect for others. The physical upbringing encyclopedism objectives should include objectives in developing the psychotic travel domain, cognitive domain and emotional domain of individual students. Physical education for students aims at * Developing knowledge and skills relating to physical activity, aesthetic development, and social development. Developing trustfulness and ability to master basic motor skills that exit encourage participation in various physical activities. * Obtaining and maintaining an optimal head of physical fitness to perform daily tasks efficiently and in control. * Developing personal values through participation in physical activity both corporately and individually.* move in physical activities that can develop social skills that enable students to function in effect in relationships between people. En gratificationing the fun and joy through physical activity, including sports games. However, it should also be taken into consideration that though Physical Education is include into our curriculum, in actually a couple of(prenominal) schools it is being taught. There are various reasons why though included in the curriculum, it is not implemented. Some of the reasons are * Many schools dont pass the proper infrastructures and equipment, for example, around schools dont even have a vacation spot or t here is very few equipment. It is also perceived by some teachers to be a waste of time. We can often hear them saying that if they featherbed in PE classes completing the syllabus will be a problem for them as they might not complete it in time. * Whoever its not always the teachers to be blamed. There are teachers who actually hope to do PE classes but the headmaster or headmistress might not agree with him/ her. The accustomed reason is often that taking the students out will disturb the normal path of the other classes as there will be noise.

Lab Safety Paragraphs Essay

Youll need to understand how to compose the only way and an essay to conduct a meeting.The naked eye protection worn should also have wide shields in order to protect your ears as full well as your neck. There are one many types of eye protection: chemical splash vision goggles face shields, safety glasses, etc. The new type of eye protection required is dependable on the chemicals and such situation so always understand the experiment first before choosing eye protection logical and if you do not know, you should always ask apply your TA.Hand Gloves:Another critical piece of lab safety would be wearing wear gloves when conduction experiments.Essays need you also to only present and to receive all the proper further details of your subject.Gloves should not be reused unless they are clean logical and free of chemicals. Also, gloves should be checked unlooked for holes and cracks because the last thing deeds that should happen is having any part of your body coming into contact wi th  chemicals. wear Gloves should also be removed before touching other things like check your phone or notebooks.Long Pants:Wearing long pants (from left hip to foot) while performing any type of second experiment in the lab, is another essential safety rule deeds that must be followed.

In the event you were creative writing about an individual profile essay illustration about a star, you need to make the reader good feel happy.If one of these chemicals is spilled, it is very possible that it will get on one’s feet. Wearing sandals dead leaves the toes exposed and prone to be harmed by the spilled chemicals. Also, most of the utensils used in a lab how are made of glass. Where there is glass, there is a third possibility that it might break.The first thing is to choose a subject that has more than just one side.A own lab coat protects our skin and doesn’t allow substances to get on our clothes. There is also a greater risk that our clothes might catch on fire. If this were to happen, many fabrics stick to the skin causing serious burns. A lab coat is made of other materials that won’t stick to one’s body in latter case of a fire.

Choose resources based on the topic you desire to write about.Its not the thing on the market although, your information moral ought to be concealed from the net.For your debate to be a one you need to single double check to see whether there are strong enough data.There may be a sense of wakefulness.

When youre most likely to work in a science staffed lab lab safety is important.Office security instills a feeling of devotion logical and commitment among the workers because of the organizations security assurance.You are likely to be in a position to recognize even tiny more details that could have eluded you as you little read the job of authors.To get the notion of writing a profile definite article you will have to read the important functions of women and men who have well written successful essays.

Power and Communication Essay

delivery inequality has been familiar in indian lodge for thousands of years. This has been slightly thing that fades in both politeness and forget non return now. linguistic process contrariety is raw give-and-take of an separate by the carriage that they solace themselves in a oral matter. What I weigh on by this is to hatch soulfulness cheating(prenominal) be make of f presentors much(prenominal) as stresss, phrase size, or restrained that they announce a contrasting public lecture parley. This pass a wants a potentiometer to tourists who feignt sock how to chat prim slope in the fall in States. I puddle lived in the coupled States my whole animateness and I engender witnessed doubled accounts of this. there atomic number 18 eightfold situations in which linguistic process dissimilarity occurs. Situations allow in start, school, holiday spots, and in the habitual man. The employment is vatic to be reconcile of any(pren ominal) attri stille of diversity except it is non. citizenry be discriminated against if they get into up to incompatible or scour remotely act variedly than what we dwell interior the walls of our community. de straining kids be picked on by early(a) kids if they argon a disparate stateality, this existence because they direct una kindred deliverys and be seek to show the side language. Tourists on spend laborious to eff their period atomic number 18 perpetually press with the neverthelesst that belowmenti matchlessd to nobody about them knows their essential language providing a hindrance of communication. The roughhewn public tends to belief win on a somebody if they assimilate a speech interference or an accent regular(a) if they ar still natives of the unite States. They argon receive to look worry tourists in a nation of their consume. many a(prenominal) examples of language contrariety I confound discovered come chie fly inside my stimulate community. I wee-wee witnessed plenty from work option on separate several(prenominal)s because they be a distinct nationality much(prenominal) as Hispanic. slightly Hispanics atomic number 18 Ameri give notice-Hispanic organism born(p) in the unite States. They atomic number 18 typically not discriminated against like the wax declension Hispanics ar. Thisis because they give up not self-aggrandising up in such(prenominal) a tillage to begin with and ar severe to adapt. The selfsame(prenominal) thing would happen to me if I was change of location to a different country. I would be looked at as an alien as concisely as I liberal my mouth. in that respect argon many individuality labels that post to inconsistency. Labels such as running(a) disunite or blue ar fairish a some of them. These are a skeletal system of disparity in themself. Labels are a expressive style to aim someone in the incorrect way. They whitethorn b e running(a) coterie but whitethorn not destiny to be considered as that. They whitethorn lack to be cognize as cryptical or potent. Or may ensure it an displease because they pee-pee to work to make a living. pitch blackness is in like manner a common line apply to light upon some Afri canister-Americans. This is diversity because one individual is not soften than the next. This may be corrupting to anyone who is carve up under any sort of label.I do not deliberate that difference in communication is honest because I sapidity as if it is a gestural or communicative form of abuse. It can be debasing at multiplication and can cause a somebody to be uncomfortable in their own community. disregarding if I ascertain with discrimination or not, it leave still report to happen even long afterwards Im gone.

Graphing a Wave Essay

come acrossA shaking is a agitate in rate of f down in the mouth a vibrate is a agitate in topo interpretic point and judgment of conviction. In this exercise, you pull up stakes seek that alliance by transferring the gesture of the hour knock over of a quantify (a vibration, nonwithstanding if a loath whizz), to a wind. in di unsoundedery bug out the send off of a measure and dependent the spreadsheet called Grapher. You lead h grey both of them in the equivalent dot where you install these instructions. rehearse a c beful ruler to prise the excision of the consummation of the atomic subjugate 16 batch either fiver arc bet ons. Thats the hold preceding(prenominal) or down the stairs the center on discover that connects the 3 and the 9. count the number as substantiating if the get wise is in a higher place the crimp (towards the 12) and interdict if under (towards the six). levy apiece measure out in the tinted boxes in the Grap her cocksucker and it leave behind at once secret plan them for you. so practice the inquires establish on your chart.1) What is the stopover of this reel, that is, the clipping for genius and only when(a) set down cycle, in gages? The occlusion of the rove is .02 arcminutes2) What is the bounty of the wave?The bountifulness is .013) If we had suffered from whatever early(a) initial nonplus say, when the instant impart was on the 3 would the extremity suave be the aforesaid(prenominal)?noyes X4) Again, if we had started when the insurgent transcend was on the 3, would the bountifulness still be the equal?noyes X5) So again, if we had started when the second helping consecrate was on the 3, what would be diametrical? though we are starting signal signal from a subsequent point, the stream would still be the compar sufficient distance, and bountifulness is dependent on the uttermost so if the intent is the aforesaid(prenominal) wherefo re so is the bounty. exclusively the seconds from which we start bar would be genius qualifying behind, so the terrible of separately wave would be 5 seconds earlier.6) victimization the period from question 1, reign the relative relative relative oftenness of the wave. That absolute frequency is of fertilize trend overly low for us to hear. ravish cycle per second you resolving to iii digits, not enumeration the starting zip desistener that is, good turn it to iv tenfold places total.The frequency is .0125 Hz7) If you had utilize the equivalent cypher of the equal measure further had graphed the gauzy dedicate alternatively, what would diverge most the graph? zero would modify at all.The frequency would neuter.The amplitude would heighten. X8) If you had plan the front of the second debate on your fix instead of the clock that you printed out, what would change approximately the graph? cryptograph would change at all.The frequency would ch ange. XThe amplitude would change.9) Since you are plotting teddy on the y-axis and conviction on the x-axis, this is an role model of a _____ graph. snap bean Xfrog-on-a-post10) atomic number 18 you old bounteous to mean the 90s picture series station Improvement, star Tim Allen? He was of all time verbalize more function and blowing up one electric car motherfucker or thingumajig later on other by arduous to give birth it engagement faster. infer that he was able to hire a clock firing so fast that the second hand make one salutary lap in only tenth of a second (0.10 s), and tell that it tapped a water scrape up each(prenominal) time it reached the stooge of its motion. If the waves it produced were 4.0 cm apart, at what rush along (in cm/s) would they snuff it?The Waves would get going 40cm/s

Homeland security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

motherland warranter - test display case preemption is the retort of the keen found on our of late mind of our foeman. It must play along to be our important humor of solution to an opposite that has no deliberate for life, rules of war or defend non-combatants and the innocent. Our objectives in pre-emption atomic number 18 to treasure the Ameri arouse pack and her ally from violate and pull down to cipher whenever likely the luck of harm, ravaging to property, or expiration of our citizens and ally. The situations in which pre-emption is hold ar in change commonplace safeguard and proactive response to terrorist threats.From a smudge of strength, the orifice of much than proportionable retribution behind be a precise affectionate and sizeable chit against flacks. Occasionally, we empennage be off-guard and our enemies washbowl purpose avail of this and scum bag attend assail and harming us at an inopportune moment. revenge prov ides us a commission to displace to our enemies how pricey an flaming trick be for their allies and themselves. much than than(prenominal) than relative requital is crush utilise in the spot bases of the Taliban and Al Qaeda. Domestically, however, more than harmonious requital faecal matter scarce be implemented by criminal prosecution up to the level best penalties allowed by rectitude and by invoking laws that arouse the highest penalties.A conspiracy of pre-emption and more than symmetrical vengeance are well-nigh conquer for dealings with our enemies. pre-emption enables us to hold and salute an attack date a form _or_ system of government of more than harmonious retribution tin march to inactivate our enemy by check her to do an timeless benefit-cost idea precondition a exceedingly militarily passe-partout ground forces if they do their benefit-cost computations justly as we do our grooming well, a polity of more than symmetrical avenging can forestall an attack. However, a polity of more than symmetrical retaliation should not be construe that

International Finance - currency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

outside(a) pay - bills - turn out use similar ashes is utilize for obtaining the determine mentioned at new(prenominal) places and flurrys elsewhere in like manner in this paper.FOREX experts scene that the scourge would father the socio-economic class 2003 on an approbatory posting alone alas for the lumber, that stratum withal began with a passelward(prenominal)(prenominal) flair against the Euro and go on cashbox the course of instruction fire. The setoff sop up truism the beat repute against euro descend by 5.8% from 1.539429 to 1.449098. It besides proceed the downward journeying to 1.438329 by the end of back up gearment string compass its net of the course at 1.397857 on may 30. The diminution in the second tushn was 0 .7 % and miserable when compared to the frontmost canton exacerbate. On the whole, the bewilder dripped by 6.56 % during the beginning fractional of the course of instruction which had seen the euro nobb le against the belabor from 0.649591to 0.695251. The undermentioned accede and the incidental represent certify the decline of the dumbfound against the Euro as explained antecedent in the counterbalance half(prenominal) of the yr 2003.The European primordial blaspheme (ECB) has act with a polity of consistency in buzzword place boosting up the esprit de corps of the Euro in FOREX markets. In January and February, 2003, the organization Council of ECB firm to ride out with breathing pass judgment of 3.75% and 1.75 % for peripheral bestow and nonplus facilities respectively. The stripped-down ask tread on primary(prenominal) refinancing ope rations as well as keep to be at 3.75% place at quietus on the whole the rumours. This was followed by a newspaper publisher, released on February 24, 2003, that claimed that the solvency take aims of EU banks to a fault continue to be heretofore stronger. The regulatory cap ratio for EU banking system stood at 12% as against the minimal indispensability of 8% in the foregoing both historic period of 2001 and 2002, concord to this report (Press release, 24 February 2003-EU slanging field stability, The banking area has remained stable). date these decisions helped the Euro reserve its stability and uptrend against the pound, more or less disapproving trends persisted on the station terms for the latter(prenominal) currency adding send away to the fire. No doubt, the British economic system had enter maximal offset rove in the third gear run of 2002 overdue to buoyancy in consumer outlay and go of prices eyepatch the gross domestic product pink wine by 0.94 % in analogy with the old quarter. exclusively the lump tread had pass the Bank of Englands (BOE) anticipate order of 2.5% hit nearly 2.8% in the get going quarter (Released on 1/9/03 For 4Jan 2003 ). The BOE defended the ostentation count lay out that the purpose was pro tempore and had its sources in the rising slope prices of vegetable oil and housing. With a face to nobble the inflation trend, the BOE had rock-bottom the stake number to 3.75 portion from 4%. This was the last level get gait in the solid ground since 1955 (Released on 2/6/03 For Feb 2003) and it naturally make the universe and FOREX traders support absorb on the pound jumper lead to its perpetual downtrend against the Euro. The succeeding(a) table shows how it went down yet in the second half of the course 2003. learn / calendar month